Golden Lay Verses

Verse 4 (குருபரம்பரை வைப்பு)

தமிழ் பாடல்

அப்பாடா முதற்குருதா னீச னீசன்

அதற்கப்பால் மாமாயன் வேதன் வேளே

ஒப்பான கணபதியே வேலோன் தானே

உருவான நந்தீசன் இந்திரன் வான்

இப்பாரி லேமனுவாம் மதியாம் சந்த்ரன்

எத்தனமும் வைத்தகுபே ரன்ன கஸ்த்யன்

கொப்பான க்ரோதபட் டாரன் தூர்வன்

கோத்தமும் மூர்த்தியுருத் தத்தாத் ரேயன்

Transliteration

appāḍā mutaṟkurutā ṉīca ṉīcaṉ

ataṟkappāl māmāyaṉ vētaṉ vēḷē

oppāṉa kaṇapatiyē vēlōṉ tāṉē

uruvāṉa nantīcaṉ intiraṉ vāṉ

ippāri lēmanuvām matiyām cantiraṉ

ettaṉamum vaittakupē raṉṉa kastyaṉ

koppāṉa krōtapāṭ ṭāraṉ tūrvvaṉ

kōttamam mūrttiyurut tattāt rēyaṉ

Literal Translation

“Ah! The first Guru is Īśa—Īśan (the Lord).

Beyond that: the Great Māyā-weaver (Māmāyan); the Knower of the Vedas (Vēdan); and the Spear-bearer (Vēḷ).

The peerless Gaṇapati; and Vēḷōn himself.

Nandīśan, who has taken form; Indra; and the Sky.

On this earth: Manu; and the Moon, Candra.

Kubera, who has stored up everything; and Agastya.

The formidable Krodha-bhaṭṭāran; and Dhruva.

Gautama; and Dattātreya, whose form is manifest.”

Interpretive Translation

The verse strings together a chain of “first principles” and exemplary authorities—Śiva as the primal Guru, followed by other divine and ṛṣi figures—suggesting that what seekers call “guru” appears in many stations: as lordship (Īśa), as māyā and preservation (Māmāyan/Vishnu), as Vedic ordering or creation (Vēdan), as fierce grace and piercing knowledge (Vēḷ/Vēḷōn), as remover of obstacles (Gaṇapati), as disciplined service/vehicle-force (Nandīśa), as sovereignty of the senses and powers (Indra), as the vault of space (Sky), as human-law and mind-born order (Manu), as mind-luminosity (Candra), as stored potency/wealth (Kubera), as siddha-medical mastery (Agastya), as wrathful austerity (Krodha-bhaṭṭāran), as unmoving concentration (Dhruva), as ṛṣi-lineage purity (Gautama), and as the archetypal avadhūta-guru (Dattātreya). It reads like an invocation of a broad guru-paramparā—outer deities and inner yogic functions mirrored together—without collapsing them into a single, flat list.

Philosophical Explanation

1) “Mudarkuru” (first guru) as Īśa: In Siddhar discourse, Śiva is not merely a sectarian deity but the primordial consciousness that “initiates” all knowing. Calling Īśa the first guru frames all subsequent names as secondary expressions rather than rivals.

2) The sequence as layered functions of realization: Names such as Māmāyan (often read as Vishnu/Kṛṣṇa, “the great wielder of māyā”) and Vēdan (“Veda-knower,” often read toward Brahmā or Vedic intelligence) can be taken as cosmological functions—preservation/illusion and ordering/creation—i.e., stages through which the seeker discriminates appearance from reality.

3) Murugan/Vēḷ imagery: Vēḷ (“spear”) commonly points to a yogic ‘piercing’—cutting through knots (granthis), disease-causes, and ignorance. The doubled mention (Vēḷ and Vēḷōn) may emphasize both symbol (the spear) and the embodied force (the deity/principle).

4) Indra, Sky, Moon, Manu: These can be read as inner correspondences. Indra frequently stands for the senses and their rulership; “Sky” as the expanse/ākāśa element (space within and without); Candra as mind and its waxing/waning; Manu as mind-born law/order, or the human-pattern that must be purified.

5) Kubera and “stored-up” power: Kubera is explicitly tied to accumulation (“who has kept/placed everything”). Siddhar-alchemical contexts often treat “wealth” as ojas, retained essence, or the stabilized product of discipline—sometimes also hinting at transmutational “gold” (not only coin).

6) Agastya, Gautama, Dattātreya: These are ṛṣi/siddha authorities. Agastya strongly signals Siddha medicine, grammar, and southern siddha transmission; Gautama suggests Vedic-ṛṣi legitimacy; Dattātreya in many yogic lineages functions as the paradigmatic guru who teaches through nature and direct experience (avadhūta model).

7) Krodha-bhaṭṭāran and Dhruva: “Krodha” (wrath) in ascetic contexts can mean fierce tapas (not mere anger). Dhruva is the emblem of unwavering one-pointedness. Together they suggest that siddhi arises from disciplined intensity stabilized into immovability.

Overall, the verse can be read simultaneously as (a) an invocation/catalog of revered authorities and (b) a coded map where gods/ṛṣis name inner faculties, elements, and yogic virtues that must be integrated under the primacy of Śiva-as-Guru.

Key Concepts

  • Mudarkuru (first guru) as Śiva/Īśa
  • Guru-paramparā as many-faced but hierarchically grounded
  • Māyā and its mastery (Māmāyan)
  • Vedic ordering/knowledge principle (Vēdan)
  • Murugan/Vēḷ as piercing insight and knot-cutting
  • Gaṇapati as obstacle-removal and threshold-guardian
  • Indra as senses/powers and their governance
  • Ākāśa (Sky) as expanse/space element
  • Candra (Moon) as mind and fluctuation
  • Manu as human order/law (and mind-born patterning)
  • Kubera as accumulation—wealth/ojas/stored essence
  • Agastya as Siddha medicine and southern transmission
  • Tapas as fierce intensity (Krodha-bhaṭṭāran)
  • Dhruva as steadfast concentration
  • Dattātreya as archetypal avadhūta-guru

Ambiguities or Multiple Readings

  • “Nīsa/Nīsan” likely points to “Īśa/Īśan” (Śiva), but the exact spelling can carry regional/phonetic variation.
  • “Māmāyan” may be Vishnu/Kṛṣṇa (great wielder of māyā), but could also be read more generally as the cosmic power that projects illusion.
  • “Vēdan” can mean “one of the Vedas,” “knower of Vedas,” or a creator/ordering deity (often leaning toward Brahmā); the verse does not force one identification.
  • “Vēḷe / Vēḷōn” can be taken as Murugan/Kārttikeya, but also as the ‘spear principle’ (piercing discernment) independent of personified theology.
  • “Vān” (sky) might be a simple item in the list, or a hint toward the ākāśa tattva (space) in an inner-body reading.
  • “Manu” could be the primordial lawgiver, or a cryptic gesture toward “manas” (mind) by sound-association; Siddhar verses sometimes play on such near-homophones.
  • “Ettaṇamum vaitta Kubēran” may mean ‘Kubera who stored all wealth’ or ‘Kubera who placed/established everything’; the verb allows both material and metaphysical accumulation.
  • “Kubēran anna Kastyan” could be read as ‘Kubera and Agastya,’ or ‘Agastya, like Kubera’ (anna = like), or ‘venerable Agastya’ depending on how one takes the connector.
  • “Krodha-bhaṭṭāran” could be a specific named figure in a lineage, or a descriptive epithet (‘the lord/master of wrathful tapas’).
  • “Dhūrvன்” is plausibly Dhruva (Pole Star devotee), but orthography could admit other proper-name readings; the intended emblem may be steadiness regardless.
  • “Mūrthiyurut(tu) Dattātreyan” can mean ‘Dattātreya in embodied form’ or ‘the form that is Dattātreya’; the phrasing keeps a deliberate ambiguity between person and principle.