Golden Lay Verses

Verse 164 (யோக வைப்பு)

தமிழ் பாடல்

யோகமெலாம் ஞானத்தே யொடுங்கி நின்றால்

யோகமதே யோகமுறும் யோக யோகம்

Transliteration

yōkamellām ñāṉattē yoḍuṅki niṉṟāl

yōkamadē yōkamuṟum yōka yōkam

Literal Translation

If all yoga comes to rest and stands absorbed in jñāna (knowledge),

that yoga itself becomes (true) yoga—the “yoga of yoga.”

Interpretive Translation

When every yogic discipline and state is finally contained within, and resolved into, direct knowing (jñāna), then yoga is no longer merely a method; it matures into yoga in the fullest sense—union that is itself the essence and culmination of all yogas.

Philosophical Explanation

The verse plays on the Siddhar habit of compressing an entire hierarchy of practice into a single pivot-term: jñāna. In many Siddhar and wider Śaiva/Advaita-inflected yogic frameworks, ‘yoga’ can denote techniques (breath, locks, inner heat, mantra, concentration) and also the achieved state of integration. Karai Siddhar’s line suggests a criterion for authenticity: yogic methods are ultimately validated only when they ‘subside into’ (ஒடுங்கி) jñāna—i.e., when the practitioner’s identity with technique, effort, and altered states collapses into stable, lucid knowing.

The phrase ‘ஒடுங்கி நின்றால்’ (“if it stands having subsided/withdrawn”) is crucial: it does not merely say yoga leads to knowledge, but that yoga must be absorbed into knowledge—implying a laya (dissolution) of the instrumental into the essential. In this reading, jñāna is not book-learning; it is the immediate recognition/awareness in which the movements of practice and the distinctions of ‘practitioner–practice–goal’ quiet down. Then ‘யோகமதே யோகமுறும்’ can be heard as: yoga becomes yoga (i.e., becomes what it always claimed to be), and ‘யோக யோகம்’ names a superlative or reflexive summit—“the yoga that is the yoga of yoga,” the consummation or quintessence of yogic striving.

Siddhar subtext often also includes a medical-alchemical critique: powers, sensations, and energetic attainments (siddhis, inner heat, breath-control effects) are not the final measure. Only when these are integrated into clear knowing—free of compulsion, display, and egoic appropriation—does the yogic path become complete. The verse therefore preserves a deliberate ambiguity: it both honors yoga and relativizes it, making jñāna the final solvent in which all yogas resolve.

Key Concepts

  • Yoga (practice and consummate union)
  • Jñāna / Gnana (direct knowing, wisdom)
  • Laya / odungi (subsiding, dissolution, withdrawal)
  • Essence-of-essence / superlative formulation ("yoga of yoga")
  • Non-duality / collapse of subject–method–goal
  • Siddhar critique of technique-only attainments

Ambiguities or Multiple Readings

  • ‘ஞானம்’ may mean scriptural/philosophical knowledge, but in Siddhar usage often means immediate, experiential knowing; the verse does not specify which, allowing both readings while privileging the experiential in context.
  • ‘யோகமெலாம்’ can mean all yogic practices (methods), all yogic states (attainments), or all ‘types’ of yoga; the line can be read to subsume every category under jñāna.
  • ‘ஒடுங்கி நின்றால்’ can be read as “becomes contained within” (integrated) or “withdraws and ceases” (dissolves), yielding either an integrative or apophatic (via negativa) interpretation.
  • ‘யோகமுறும்’ may mean “becomes yoga,” “attains yoga,” or “fulfills/perfects yoga,” keeping open whether yoga is transformed into a state or completed as a path.
  • ‘யோக யோகம்’ can function as (a) a superlative: supreme yoga, (b) a reflexive: yoga whose object is yoga, i.e., the consummation of yogic process, or (c) a cryptic marker for sahaja/samādhi-like stabilization without effort.